Electric upsetting machine



NOV. 8, BENEDETTO ELECTRIC UPSETTING MACHINE Filed March 26, 1931 4 SheetsSheet 1 .Nov. 8, 1932.

G. BENEDETTO ELECTRIC UPSETTING MACHINE Filed March 26, 1951 w Wu" J Wi M 4 Sheets-Shet 2 NOV. 8 BENEQETTQ ELECTRIC UPSETTING MACHINE Filed March 26, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet a I m'vtzvrlf i Z I a m @Z M M Nov, 8, 1932. BENEDETTO 1,887,179

ELECTRIC UPS ETTING MACHINE Filed March 26, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 m 0 ll h II-- 199 9d ,9] 3 :2

D (97 L O Fig.1. Q/fl Patented Nov. 8, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT GIUSEPPE BENEDETTO, OF NOVARA, ITALY, ASSIGNOR TO O'lvIES HOLDING COMPANY LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, A BRITISH COMPANY ELECTRIC UPSE'ITING MACHINE Application filed March 26, 1931, Serial No. 525,538, and in Great Britain November 28, 1930.

This invention relates to improvements in or relating to electric upsetting machines.

The present invention comprises in an electric upsetting machine the combination of a main work-holding vice capable of preventing sliding movement of the work therethrough, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect an upsetting operation and means for withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from enga ement with the work during said upsetting operation.

By the means described it becomes possible to upset heads electrically upon a work-piece without employing a sliding movement of the Work upon the anvil as has been the practice heretofore, and without the size of the heads being limited by the length of bar which can project bevond the vice without bending under the upsetting strain. The auxiliary vice jaws serve to hold the work from bending and yet permit upon their withdrawal from the work of the exposure of a sufiicientlength of work-piece to form a large upset head. Moreover, by this means it becomes possible to upset heads on the ends of bars of unlimited length inasmuch as the vice |1\VS, not having to permit sliding movementof the work therethrough, can be made to hold the work against the endwise upsetting pressure and the provision of a ram behind the work becomes unnecessary. Thus, 4 he length of the bar to be upset is not limited by having to provide workin parts of the machine in line therewith beyond the vice and the bar may project beyond the machine as far as mav be desired. Moreover, it is no longer necessary to use material having a smooth surface capable of sliding readily through the vice jaws, and so black rolled bars can be upset, as also pieces of irregular or uneven section. v

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided in a machine as above described a cutting off device for cutting through the work in situ behind the vice jaws and by this means continuous lengths of bar may be fed into the machine and cut off into work-pieces of predetermined length while they are being upset.

Preferably, there is provided an automatic feeding device for advancing the bar into operative position between successive upsetting and cutting olf operations.

One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a front elevation of the upsetting machine;

Figure 2 is a plan thereof;

Figures 3 and at are vice jaws details;

Figure 5 is a connection diagram;

Figures 6 and 7 are an elevation and plan respectively of a hydraulic pump which forms part of the machine, and

Figure 8 is a detail vertical section through the cylinder of the pump illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.

Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the machine comprises a rectangular bed plate 11 which is supported at its ends upon standards 12 so as to provide beneath the bed plate a box-shaped space in which are housed transformers 13, 14: a hydraulic pump 15 with its driving motor 16 and air cylinders 17, and various regulating and controlling means operated by handles 18, 19, 20, 21 which are mounted on the front of the bed plate 11.

The upper side of the bed plate 11 is provided with longitudinal guideways 22, 23 on which are secured the working parts of the upsetting mechanism. About the centre of the guideways 23 there is located a crossbearer 24 for a work-holding vice 25. The vice has a pair of main jaws of which one 27 is fixed and the other 26 is movable horizontally towards and from the fixed jaw 27 under the operation of an hydraulicly operated piston rod 28. The hydraulic cylinder 29 for actuating the piston rod 28 is formed integrally with the body of the vice. Adjacent to the main vice jaws 26, 27 on one side thereof and at the same level there is mounted a pair of auxiliary vice-jaw-holders 29, 30. Each vice-jaW-holder is formed on the end of a piston rod 31 or 32 actuated by ill) lUU

an hydraulic cylinder 33 or 34 as the case may be. The two cylinders 33, 34 for securing the auxiliary jaws are formed in the main ice jaw casting 25 so as to lie parallel with the cylinder 29 which act-uates the main j aw, the auxiliary Cylinders 33, 34 being located one on each side of the centre line of the vice as viewed in Figure 2. The auxiliary jaw holders each contain slidably mounted in.

them four auxiliary jaws 35, 36 (see Figures 3 and 4) for gripping the work at four additional points along its length beyond the part at which it is grip )ed by the main jaws. The auxiliary jaws are locked to the holders 29, 30 by means of latches 3?, 38, upon the Withdrawal of which any given jaw is free to move backwardly away from the work. Springs 39 are provided for each auxiliary jaw which are capable of withdrawing the same as soon as it is freed from control of the latch allocated to it.

Towards that end of the bed-plate 11 which lies nearest to the auxiliary jaws there is mounted an anvil carrier 40 which comprises a main casting bolted to the bed-plate and formed to provide an hydraulic operating cylinder 41. In the cylinder 41 is a piston which acts upon a piston rod 42; the piston rod 42- projects towards the vice 25 and engages a cross-head 43 on which the anvil is mounted. he cross-head 43 is made slidable along the guideways 22, 23 of the bed.

Two return connecting-rods 45 mounted in the cross-head 43 extend one on each side of the hydraulic cylinder 41 through lugs 46, 47 cast on the sides of. the same to a rear crosshead 48 which unites them together. These return connecting rods 45 are free to slide through the lugs 46, 4'? and the'r'ear crosshead 48 is provided with a central opening coaxial with the hydraulic cylinder 41. Upon the rear of the cover 49 of the hydraulic cylinder 41 there is mounted co-axially a screwthreaded gauge member 50 which pass-e.

through the opening in the centre of the rear cross-head 48. The gauge member 50 has threaded upon it two nuts 51, 52, one on' either side of the cross-head, and by screwing these nuts to predetermined positions along of free movement of the crosshead can be regulated. Thus, it becomes possible to set the hydraulic piston in cylinder 41 so that both the extentof its stroke and the positions of termination of its movement are deter-' against a. packing ring surroundingsaid hollow portion means of ascrewed clamping mg Pipes 54 are provided lor circulatmg cooling water into the hollow space of 'base of the machine. The vice casting 25 is likew se made of bronze and similarly connccted to the other terminal of the transformer 14. -.The vice-casting25 is insulated from the bed of the machine by a thin sheet of interposed insulating material.

Upon the cross-head 43 there are-mounted two cam bars '56 which extend-forwardly from the cr0sshe'a-d and carry-a cam-shaped head 57 which overlies" the upper surface of the holders 29, 30 for the auxiliary jaws. The latches 37, 38 which hold the auxiliary aWs 35, 36in operative position are extended to pass above: the upper surface-of'the holders 29, '30an d are notched as shown in Figure- 3 to receive the cams' 'on 'the'ca-m bars 56. Thus, as the cross-head'43 carrying the anvil 44 is advanced-by the "hydraulic cylinder'41 the cam bars 56 advance with it and lift the latches 37,38 one byone allowing the auxiliary jaws 35, 36 to be retracted successively.

Referring to Figure 5,'which represents the electrical connections; the source of altern-ating current electrical supply 'is'indicated by the terminals 113, 114 and one" line isfconnectedffroin the mam current 7 switch 115 to a hand'controller"116, both these devices alsoappearing in Figure 1 of the drawings. The hand controller 116is connected to a number of terminals 117 on the casing of the transformer13, and these are connected to tappings on the fixed primary winding 118 ofthe transformer. The movable winding 119 of the-transformer is connected to brushes 120 on a drum controller" 121 which is located within the casing of the transformer 13 and 'isprov-ided with an operating handle 122. The handle 122 also shown inFigure 1"of the drawings. the length of the gauge member the amount nected bv the leads to the anvil 44 on the one hand and the vice 27 on the other. The other terminal 114 of the electrical supply is connected to one of the bobbins 118 of the transformer 13. i

Thus, the movable bobbin transformer 13 supplies an automatically regulated voltage to the step-down transformer 14 but this voltage can further be adjusted by the hand controller 116. V 4

In addition 'to the. above connections, a

series of cross connections125 are taken from the tappings 117 to contacts 126 on the drum controller 121 and these cooperate with brushes 127, Which are brought into action when the handle 122 is moved to the right and the circuit of the brushes 120 is broken. A branch from the supply terminal 114 goes to a contact 128 on the drum controller and thence through an extra brush 129 to one end of the primary winding 128 of the transformer 14. The brushes 127 are connected to tappings at various points along this primary winding.

Consequently, when the handle 122 is moved to the right, as shown in the figure, the connection through the movable bobbin transformer 13 to the step-down transformer 14 is broken and there is substituted for it a direct connection from the hand controller 116 to the tapping's on the transformer 14. This direct connection aii'ords adequate con? trol for small workand at the same time cuts out losses in the movable bobbin transformer. For operation on large pieces, however, it is preferable to leave the movable bobbin transformer in the circuit as this prevents undue heating of the work, as explained in prior United States patent application Serial .No. 481,384.

In operation of the machine as so far described, the work-piece is clamped in the main vice jaws 26, 27 with its end projecting towards the anvil 44 and touching: the same. The auxiliary -vice jaws 35, 36 are then clamped upon the work and serve to support it. from bending laterally under conipressive force applied by the anvil. Current is then switched on and the work begins to be heated. As soon as the portion of the work between the auxiliary vice jaws and the anvil becomes suflicie-ntlv hot the anvil begains to advance under the influence of hydraulic pressure in the cvlinder 41 behind the cross-head, and a head is. upset uponthe work. The cam bars simultaneously advance the operator, the first pair of auxiliary jaws are released and retracted from the -work, thus permitting a further length of workpieceto become hot and a further increase of the size of the head which is upset. Continued advance movement of the anvil 44 will release the second pair of auxiliary jaws and so on until the whole of the work-piece. projectingbeyond the main vice jaws 26, 27 has been subjected to heating and becomes part of the upset head portion of the work.

It will, of course. be understood that where it is not necessary to produce so large a head. only one or more of the auxiliary jaws need be brought into operation, and that this can readily be determined by limiting the amount of advance movement of the-anvil througl'i the adjustment of the nuts 51, 52 on the gauge bar 50.

Beyond the vice 25, that is to say on the other side thereof from the anvil 44, there is located on the bed of the machine a compound slide rest 58 on the upper or cross-slide 59 of which is mounted an electric motor 60 driving a circular saw or emery wheel 61 with a thin edge adapted to act as a cutting off tool. A cam roll 62 is mounted on the cross-slide and an inclined cam face 63 is formed on the front end of a sliding cam bar 64 which extends parallel with the bed of the machine and is secured at its other end to the cross-head 4 which carries the anvil. The effect of this device is to cut off the workpiece to a definite length at one end, while the anvil is engaged in upsetting a head upon it at the other. The length of the work can be regulated by setting the longitudinal slide of the compound slide rest 58, and the cam on the cam bar 64 can be adjusted to suit this longitudinal setting by sliding the cam bar through the cross-head, for whiclrpurpose it is secured to the cross-head by a clamping set screw 65.

Beyond the cutting off tool at the end of the bed of the machine is located a mechanical feeding device which takes the form of a guide 66 to receive long bars of work such as 167 and to align them with the vice The guide 66 is adiustably bolted to the guideways 22 by bolts 166. Su erimposed upon the guide 66 is an hydraulic feed-cylinder 67. A piston rod 68 projects from the end ofthe feed-cylinder 67 towards the vice 25 and ena yes the upper end of a feed-clamp lever 69. The feed-clamp lever 69 is pivoted in a feed clam 70 which is threaded upon the long bar from which work-pieces are to be cut and the lower end of the feed-clamp lever is formed as an eccentric so that by slight rotation it can be made to grin the bar firmly. while bv slight rotation in. the other direction it is released. The device, therefore. acts as a one-way clutch, and when the feed piston is advanced to move the work-clamp 70 towards the vice jaws the bar is carried with 1t, while when the feed-cylinder is retracted away from the vice jaws the work is allowed to remain at rest.

The feed-cylinder 67 and also the upsetting cylinder 41 on the anvil carrier are single actinp; and the hydraulic pressure is in such a direction as to impart the necessary advance movement. Retraction is effected by a counterweight 71, 72 in each case and the counterweights are connected to the rams of the cylinders by flexible steel cables 73, 74.

As will readily be understood it is necessary to supply the various hydraulic cylinders of the apparatus with high pressure fluid. The fluid preferably employed is oil and to ensure the necessary high. pressure oil supply a motor driven ram pump 15 is mounted in the base of the machine. This comprises a bed-plate which also constitutes a sump for oil. On the bedplate there is mounted at one end an electric motor 76. The shaft 77 of the motor 76 is connected through a flexible coupling 78 to a worm spindle 79 and below the worm spindle is a worm wheel 80 giving a reduction of about 20:1 on the speed of the motor. The worm wheel is mounted upon a shaft which passes through bearings in each side of the casing 81 in which the worm gear is located and the shaft carries outside the casing crank discs 82 with overhung crank-pins 83 upon them. Two connecting rods 84 of great length compared with the throw of the crank-pins 83 extend in a horizontal direction to a cross-head 85 which is mounted upon the ram 86 of the pumping cylinder 87. The pumping cylinder 87 is located between the connecting rods 84 with its axis parallel to the motor shaft and on the same level as the worm gear 82 aforesaid. The inner end of the hydraulic cylinder has (see Figure 7) asuction pipe 88 extending into the oil sump 75 below and provided with an inlet valve 89; a delivery pipe90 is .pro-

vided extending upwardly for high pressure oil, and there is a safety valve 91 connected by a passage 92 within the cylinder :to the delivery sideof the pump.

The safety valve 91 has a piston which is held down by a spring within the body of the valve 91 and the underside of which is subjected to. the pressure carried to it by the passage 92. Thepiston. is formed integrally with the needle valve 93 which controls a return passage 94 connected by a, cross passage 95. with the suction pipe 88. Thus, any lifting of the piston of the safety valve 91 will open the needlevalve 93 and permit the return of oil by the passages 94, 95 without leading to any spillingof oil outside the cylinder.

The cylinder barrel-96 contains also a bypass port 97.v which constitutes a branch from the return passage 95 and this by-pass port is located in the wall of the barrel96 at such a point that in one position ofadjustment of the ram 86 the end of the ram passes over the port. ,The ram can be adjusted relatively to the cross-head 85 by screwing'it through the same and locking it in adjusted position by locknuts 98, 99.

The effect is that if the ram 86 is set so that i the by-pass port 97 is uncovered over a portion of the delivery stroke of the ram the delivery of the pump is reduced. If the ram is advanced in its setting so that the by-pass port is uncovered for a shorter period of the stroke the delivery of the pump is increased, and if it-is still further advanced so that the by-pass port is not uncovered during any portion of the stroke the pump will give full delivery.

In general it will be desirable to adjust the stroke of the pump 15 to correspond with the stroke imparted .to thevarious hydraulic cylinders during operation ujpori' a given size ofwork', as otherwise a certain amount of unnecessary work would be 1 1121' llzed 1n the oil-pressure generating unit and; 70

the safety valve 91 would be kept in unnecessary continuous use. This is particularly important in a machine of the kind described which is adapted for continuous operation upon long bars and in which, therefore, the

motor driven pump will ordinarily be kept running indefinitely once the machine has been started. 1

The delivery pipe 90 of the oil pump is connected to a high pressure air-c ontair rer 17 where the variations of pressure due'to successive deliveries by the pump". are smoothed out by compression of a'pocket of air. From the container adelivery pipe 100 (Figure 1) extends tothree controlvalv s 85 101,102,103.

The three controlvalves are each constituted by two-way valves so that thefpipes which they supply may be'connected' alternatively either to the oil pressure" or to pipes/$ 104, 105, 106 for returning used oil tothe' sump 7 5. One valve 102 serves to direct'o'il pressure to the main vice' jaws 25" and simultaneously to the hydraulic cylinder" 4l' for advancing the anvil, the valve103 serves to,.,. 5

the work, this supply being taken thro11gh ,.100

a flexible pipe 201 to allow adjustment' 'of the gu'ide 66 along the ways 22.

In operation of the apparatus, therefore, it will in general be desirable to first clamp the work'by the auxiliary vice jawsyther'e- 105 after pressurewill'be applied to the main vice aws to hold the work and simultaneously upsetting pressure will be applied ."to

the anvil; current being then switched on,

upsetting will proceed. After completion Of IIO the upsetting operation release of the inain' v1ce jaws will permit of the retraction of the anvil and simultaneous release of the work-piece from the 'machine, fo'rthe auxiliary vice jaws have already been released by advance of the anvil.

To reset the machine for the next operation the auxiliary vice-jaw-holders 29,-30'are withdrawn. This is effected by return springs within the cylinders 33,; 34., During iao such withdrawal the latches37, 38 are reset 1n engagement with the auxiliary jaws35, 36, their lower ends being inclined Iso fas to slide up automatically over the correspondingly-sloped top surfaces ofthe aux- 1 5 iliary j aws until they dropinto the notches" cut therein to receive them. i The feed piston 68 is next advanced to bring the next section of the bar being operated upon forward. If

necessary, when producing long pieces sev- 13o eral successive advance movements and i tractions of the piston 68 are effected by movement of the handle 19 until the workpiece abuts upon the anvil 44. Thereafter the auxiliary vice jaws 36, 37 are again closed on the work.

It is to be understood that the hydraulic pump herein described, although specially adapted for use in this machine is capable of utilization in connection with other upsetting machines than the one hereinbefore set forth.

I claim 1. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a main work-holding vice for clamping the work securely therein, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect an upsetting operation and means for Withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from engagement with the work during said upsetting operation.

2. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a main work-holding vice for clamping the work securely therein, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect an upsetting operation, means for withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from engagement with the work during said upsetting operation, and a cut ting off device for the work behind the vice aws.

3. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a main work-holding vice for clamping the work securely therein, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect an upsetting operation, means for withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from engagement with the work during said upsetting operation, a cutting off device for the work behind the vice jaws, means for feeding a continuous length of bar into the vice and means for operating said cutting off device at times intermediate between operation of said means for feeding a bar.

4. An electric upsetting machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the feeding device is power-operated.

5. An electric upsetting machine comprising in combination a main vice for clamping a work-piece against movement therethrough, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect an upsetting operation, means for withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from engagement with the work during said upsetting operation, a cutting off device for cutting through the work on the side of the vice jaws remote from the anvil, operative connections between said cutting off device and the means for bringing the vice jaws and anvil closer together whereby the cutting off operation is caused to take place automatically during the upsetting operation and means for feeding a bar of work into operative position between the vice jaws after the work-piece has been cut off, upset and discharged from the machine.

6. In an electric upsetting machine as claimed in claim 5, the provision of automatic feeding means comprising an hydraulic cylinder and one-way clutch mechanism operated thereby and slidably mounted upon the work.

7. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a fixed main vice jaw, a movable vice jaw mounted for co-operation therewith, a hydraulic 'cylinder and piston mechanism operable for moving said main vice jaw, a pair of movable auxiliary jaw holders, hydraulic cylinders and pistons for op erating the same, auxiliary vice jaws slidably mounted in said auxiliary jaw holders for movement therein parallelto the direction of closing movement thereof, latches for looking said auxiliaryvice aWs to said holders therefor and: means for releasing said latches, whereby" said auxiliary vice jaws may be retracted relatively to said holders and release their grip upon the work.

8. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a fixed main vice jaw, a movable vice j awmoun'te'd for rm-operation therewith, an hydraulic cylinder and piston mechanism operablefor moving said main vice jaw, a pair of movable auxiliary jaw holders, hydraulic cylinders and pistons for operating the same, auxiliary vice jaws slidably mounted in said auxiliary jaw holders for movement therein parallel to the direction of closing movement thereof, latches for locking said auxiliary vice jaws to said holders therefor, an anvil movably mounted so as to be capable of advance towards said auxiliary vice jaws and cam devices carried by said anvil for releasing said latches of said auxiliary vice jaws.

9. In an electric upsetting machine the combination of a vice for gripping a work piece, an anvil movably mounted so as to be capable of advance towards said vice, means for advancing said anvil, a cutting-off device for the work-pieces upon the side of the vice remote from said anvil and a cam operatively connected to said anvil to cause cutting-off motion of said cutting-off device upon advance of the anvil.

10. In an electric upsetting machine as claimed in claim 9, the provision of auxiliary vice jaws located intermediately between said vice and said anvil and means carried by said anvil for releasing said auxiliary vice jaws during the course of the advance movement of the anvil.

11. In an electric upsetting machine, the combination of a main work holding vice for clamping the work securely therein, an anvil, a plurality of auxiliary vice jaws for engaging the work between the main vice and the anvil, means for bringing the anvil and vice jaws nearer together to effect the upsetting operation, means for withdrawing the auxiliary jaws from engagement with the work during said upsetting operation, a cutting ofi device for the Work behind the vice jaws,

and an operative connection between the cuttherein parallel to the direction. of closing movement thereof, latches on the said holders for locking said auxiliary vice' jaws thereto, an anvil movably mounted so as to be capable of advancing towards said auxiliary vice jaws, and latch releasing means controlled by the movement of the anvil for releasing said latches whereby the auxiliary vice jaws'can be retracted relatively to said holders and can release their grip upon the work as the anvil advances towards the vice aws.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

GIUSEPPE BENEDETTO.

Gil i 

